Istilah GMP di dunia industri pangan khususnya di Indonesia sesungguhnya telah diperkenalkan oleh Departemen Kesehatan RI sejak tahun 1978 melalui Surat Keputusan Menteri Kesehatan RI No. 23/MEN.KES/SKJI/1978 tentang Pedoman Cara Produksi Makanan yang Baik (CPMB). Persyaratan GMP sendiri sebenarnya sebenarnya merupakan regulasi atau peraturan sistem mutu (Quality System Regulation) yang diumumkan secara resmi dalam Peraturan Pemerintah Federal Amerika Serikat No. 520 (Section 520 of Food, Drug and Cosmetics (FD&C) Act). Peraturan sistem mutu ini termuat dalam Title 21 Part 820 of the Code of Federal Regulation), (21CFR820),tahun 1970 dan telah direvisi tahun 1980. Di Indonesia GMP ini dikenal dengan istilah Cara Produksi Makanan yang Baik (CPMB) yang diwujudkan dalam Peraturan Pemerintah.
Penerapan GMP atau CPMB akan dapat membantu jajaran manajemen untuk membangun suatu sistem jaminan mutu yang baik. Jaminan mutu sendiri tidak hanya berkaitan dengan masalah pemeriksaan (inspection) dan pengendalian (control) namun juga menetapkan standar mutu produk yang sudah harus dilaksanakan sejak tahap perancagan produk (product design) sampai produk tersebut didistribusikan kepada konsumen.
GMP memiliki beberapa pengertian yang cukup mendasar yaitu suatu pedoman yang menjelaskan bagaiaman memproduksi makanan agar aman bermutu, dan layak untuk dikonsumsi dan berisi penjelasan-penjelasan tentang persyaratan minimum dan pengolahan umum yang harus dipenuhi dalam penanganan bahan pangan di seluruh mata rantai pengolahan dari mulai bahan baku sampai produk akhir.
Mengapa harus menerapkan GMP
Beberapa industri pangan dunia menyimpulkan bahwa bisnis pangan perlu dan harus menerapkan GMP dengan beberapa alasan sebagai berikut :
• Untuk mengembangkan sistem mutu yang dapat dinilai agar dapat dipastikan bahwa produk makanan
aman, sehat dan yang terpenting adalah memenuhi persyaratan pelanggan.
• Memastikan bahwa proses pengolahan, penyimpanan dan distribusi produk makanan dalam kondisi
terkontrol dan konstan, mendekati produk yang diinginkan (ISO 9001).
Dengan Penerapan HACCP dalam organisasi atau perusahaan anda di harapkan proses anda akan lebih terjamin dan perusahaan mendapatkan manfaatnya, seperti :
• Menjamin kualitas dan keamanan pangan
• Meningkatkan kepercayaan dalam keamanan produk dan produksi.
• Mengurangi kerugian dan pemborosan.
• Menjamin efisiensi penerapan HACCP.
• Memenuhi persyaratan peraturan / spesifikasi / sandar.
Prinsip 1 – Desain fasilitas yang tepat dari awal
Setiap produsen makanan, obat, dan medis bertujuan untuk menjalankan bisnisnya bisa di sesuai dengan prinsip-prinsip Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP). Ini jauh lebih mudah untuk menjadi sesuai GMP jika desain dan konstruksi fasilitas dan peralatan yang benar dari awal. Sangat penting untuk mewujudkan prinsip-prinsip GMP dan menggunakan GMP untuk mendorong setiap keputusan.
Prinsip 2 – Proses Validasi
Bagaimana suatu perusahaan memastikan bahwa proses produksi bisa dikendalikan? Proses validasi bertujuan Untuk membuktikan dan suatu proses yang secara konsisten melakukan apa yang seharusnya mereka lakukan, pengujian dan dokumentasi yang diperlukan. Kinerja yang konsisten adalah kunci untuk menjaga keamanan dan efektivitas dari setiap produk dan meningkatkan reputasi perusahaan untuk kualitas dan kehandalan.
Prinsip 3 – Mengimplementasikan prosedur GMP
Pikirkan tentang apa yang terjadi di tempat kerja jika prosedur tertulis tidak tersedia. Orang mengandalkan kebiasaan mereka untuk melakukan sesuatu dan kemudian orang lain juga melakukannya. Hal ini memang tidak begitu bagus ketika produk yang anda buat dapat menyebabkan kematian! Dalam industri makanan, obat dan kesehatan sangatlah penting bahwa prosedur yang baik dalam suatu proses produksi dan untuk memastikan kinerja terkontrol dan konsisten menggunakan dokumentasi GMP. Prosedur harus jelas, ringkas, dan logis.
Prinsip 4 – Mengidentifikasi siapa melakukan apa
Semua karyawan harus dengan jelas memahami apa yang harus mereka lakukan setiap hari. Ini menghindari kesalahpahaman dan meminimalkan resiko terhadap kualitas produk. Anda harus membuat pekerjaan keterangan untuk setiap peran untuk mendefinisikan : job title, tujuan pekerjaan, tugas dan tanggung jawab, ketrampilan persyaratan. Seharusnya tidak ada kesenjangan atau tumpang tindih dalam tanggung jawab. Buat bagan organisasi dan menampilkannya pada intranet atau papan pengumuman lokal. Cara ini semua orang dalam organisasi dapat melihat Siapa Yang Melakukan Apa.
Prinsip 5 – Menyimpan catatan yang baik.
Catatan yang baik memungkinkan Anda untuk bisa menelusuri semua kegiatan yang dilakukan selama penerimaan bahan baku, untuk rilis produk akhir. Ini adalah bagian penting dari GMP untuk menyimpan catatan yang akurat, dan selama audit, itu membantu menyampaikan bahwa Anda mengikuti prosedur. Hal ini juga menunjukkan bahwa proses yang dilakukan dikendalikan dan dikontrol.
Prinsip 6 – Pelatihan dan Pemahaman GMP
Untuk memenuhi persyaratan GMP itu penting untuk memiliki orang yang tepat untuk melakukan pekerjaan yang tepat. Apakah karyawan Anda memiliki keterampilan dan pengetahuan untuk menyelesaikan pekerjaan mereka? Apakah mereka dilengkapi dengan alat yang tepat? Jika demikian, maka Anda dapat bangga bahwa orang-orang Anda melakukan hal yang benar untuk membuat budaya GMP.
Prinsip 7 – Higienitas yang baik
Hal ini sangat penting untuk mengurangi risiko kontaminasi produk untuk minimum dengan menempatkan dalam tempat program sanitasi.
Prinsip 8 – Memelihara fasilitas dan peralatan
Sangat penting untuk memiliki jadwal pemeliharaan fasilitas dan peralatan. dengan teraturnya jadwal pemeliharaan peralatan maka akan mencegah kerusakan peralatan. hal ini juga bisa mengurangi risiko kontaminasi produk. Kadang-kadang kejadian tak terduga dapat mempengaruhi fasilitas atau peralatan dan dalam keadaan seperti itu, Anda perlu segera melakukan perbaikan. Anda harus memiliki prosedur tertulis untuk semua terjadwal dan pemeliharaan darurat. Ini harus detil yang melakukan pekerjaan, tugas-tugas yang terlibat, dan menentukan jadwal pelumasan, pemeliharaan pendingin, pembersih dll. Ini juga merupakan persyaratan GMP untuk memiliki jadwal pemeliharaan di tempat dengan frekuensi ditentukan oleh kekritisan dari peralatan.
Prinsip 9 – Menjaga Kualitas
Setiap langkah dalam siklus hidup produk membutuhkan kontrol yang efektif untuk menjamin kualitas produk.
Prinsip 10 – Audit Rutin
Audit harus dilakukan untuk menilai apakah Anda mengikuti aturan GMP. Badan Sertifikasi Eksternal seperti Food and Drug Administration (FDA) atau Terapi Barang Asosiasi (TGA) akan melakukan audit ini. Selain Audit Eksternal Anda juga harus melakukan audit Internal untuk memastikan kepatuhan terhadap aturan GMP.
DC Konsultan menyediakan layanan mulai Konsultansi, Gap Assessment, Program Pelatihan, Pembuatan Prosedur / Dokumen sampai dengan pendampingan audit sertifikasi GMP. Hubungi kami untuk mendapatkan pendampingan dan penawaran terbaik.
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